Asthma

What does Asthma mean?

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterised by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, causing symptoms such as wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing. These symptoms typically vary over time and in intensity, often worsening at night or during physical activity. It affects the bronchial tubes (airways) that carry air in and out of the lungs.

How is Asthma diagnosed and managed in UK Primary Care Networks?

In UK Primary Care Networks, asthma diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical history assessment, physical examination, lung function tests (spirometry), and sometimes trial treatments. Management follows a stepped approach outlined in the British Thoracic Society (BTS) and NICE guidelines. PCNs often employ specialist respiratory nurses and pharmacists who provide asthma reviews, medication optimisation, and self-management education. Digital monitoring, shared care records, and multidisciplinary team approaches are increasingly used to provide coordinated, proactive care.

What triggers Asthma symptoms and how can patients avoid them?

Asthma symptoms can be triggered by various factors including respiratory infections, allergens (dust mites, pet dander, pollen), air pollutants, cold air, exercise, stress, certain medications (like aspirin or beta-blockers), and food additives. Patients can avoid triggers by using allergen-proof bedding covers, keeping homes well-ventilated and dust-free, avoiding smoking environments, using air purifiers, monitoring pollen forecasts, and maintaining good hand hygiene to prevent infections. PCNs often provide personalised advice on trigger identification and avoidance strategies as part of comprehensive asthma care plans.

What is the role of medication in Asthma treatment within Primary Care?

Medication plays a central role in asthma management within Primary Care. Treatment typically follows a stepwise approach with two main types of medicines: relievers (bronchodilators like salbutamol) that provide quick symptom relief, and preventers (usually inhaled corticosteroids) that reduce airway inflammation and prevent attacks. For more severe asthma, combination inhalers, long-acting bronchodilators, leukotriene receptor antagonists, or biological therapies may be prescribed. PCN pharmacists often conduct structured medication reviews to optimise treatment, check inhaler technique, and improve adherence, while ensuring prescribing aligns with environmental sustainability goals.

How do Primary Care Networks support children with Asthma?

Primary Care Networks provide comprehensive support for children with asthma through dedicated paediatric asthma clinics, school-focused care plans, and family education programmes. PCNs coordinate with school nurses to ensure proper inhaler access and emergency protocols in educational settings. Age-appropriate inhaler devices and spacers are prescribed, with regular technique checks. Digital tools help engage young people in self-management, while transition services support teenagers moving to adult services. PCNs also work with local authorities to address environmental factors affecting children's respiratory health and implement early intervention strategies to improve outcomes.